Utilizing Cocoa Fruit Skin Waste into Quality Liquid Adhesives

Oct 13, 2025 by leolavanderia.com.br 4 views

Utilizing Cocoa Fruit Skin Waste into Quality Liquid Adhesives

Introduction

The increasing demand for adhesives in the wood processing industry has led to a search for environmentally friendly and efficient alternatives. One promising natural resource is the skin of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), which is rich in lignocellulose and has the potential to be processed into liquid adhesives through the liquidation process. This study aims to determine the quality of the liquid adhesive produced from the skin of cocoa, both the outer skin (KBKL) and the inner skin (KBKD), and compare it with SNI 06-4567-1998 standards.

Background

The wood processing industry is a significant consumer of adhesives, with the demand for these products increasing every year. However, the production of adhesives is often associated with environmental concerns, such as the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the use of synthetic raw materials. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing environmentally friendly adhesives from natural resources. The skin of cocoa, which is a by-product of the cocoa industry, is one such resource that has been identified as a potential source of liquid adhesives.

Materials and Methods

The liquidation process was carried out by mixing the skin of cocoa, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), technical crystal phenol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and formalin at 90 ° C for 2 hours. The results showed that the liquid adhesive from cocoa fruit skin was a phenolic group, with KBKL having brown characteristics, waste free, 10 degree of acidity, viscosity of 0.8355 cps, density 1,156, solid levels 42.33%, gelatin time 89 minutes 37 seconds, ash content 9.2%, formaldehyde content is 0.8% free and crystalline degree 35.19%. Meanwhile, KBKD has reddish brown characteristics, waste free, 10 degrees of acidity, viscosity of 31.202 cps, density of 1,262, solid levels 44.66%, gelatin time 73 minutes 45 seconds, ash content 13.8%, formaldehyde levels are free 0, 48% and crystalline degrees 37.28%.

Results and Discussion

Overall, KBKD shows better results than KBKL because it is more in accordance with SNI 06-4567-1998 standards, although it does not fully meet all criteria. Liquid adhesives from cocoa fruit skin are able to meet SNI 06-4567-1998 standards in terms of appearance, degree of acidity, solid levels and gelatin time. Characteristics of free formaldehyde levels also meet SNI standards 06-4565-1998 which is ≤2%.

The results of this study suggest that the skin of cocoa can be used as a quality raw material for the production of liquid adhesives. The liquid adhesives produced from the skin of cocoa have characteristics that are similar to those of commercial adhesives, such as phenolic groups, brown or reddish-brown color, and low viscosity. The results also show that the liquid adhesives produced from the skin of cocoa have a high degree of acidity, which is a desirable characteristic for adhesives.

Conclusion

This study opens great opportunities for the utilization of cocoa fruit skin waste as a quality liquid adhesive raw material. This is in line with sustainable waste treatment efforts and reduces dependence on synthetic adhesive raw materials. Further development can be done by optimizing the liquidation process and material composition to improve the quality of liquid adhesive and meet all national standard criteria.

Future Directions

The results of this study suggest that the skin of cocoa can be used as a quality raw material for the production of liquid adhesives. However, further research is needed to optimize the liquidation process and material composition to improve the quality of liquid adhesive and meet all national standard criteria. Additionally, the environmental impact of using cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives should be further investigated.

References

SNI 06-4567-1998. (1998). Standard for Adhesives for Wood Processing.
SNI 06-4565-1998. (1998). Standard for Formaldehyde Content in Adhesives.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the university and the research team for their assistance in conducting this study.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Utilizing Cocoa Fruit Skin Waste into Quality Liquid Adhesives

Introduction

The use of cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce waste and promote sustainability. However, there are still many questions and concerns about this technology. In this article, we will address some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) about utilizing cocoa fruit skin waste into quality liquid adhesives.

Q: What is cocoa fruit skin waste?

A: Cocoa fruit skin waste refers to the outer skin of the cocoa fruit, which is a by-product of the cocoa industry. It is a rich source of lignocellulose, a type of plant fiber that can be used to produce liquid adhesives.

Q: What are the benefits of using cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives?

A: The use of cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives has several benefits, including reducing waste, promoting sustainability, and reducing dependence on synthetic adhesive raw materials.

Q: How is cocoa fruit skin waste processed into liquid adhesives?

A: The processing of cocoa fruit skin waste into liquid adhesives involves a series of steps, including drying, grinding, and mixing with other chemicals to create a phenolic group.

Q: What are the characteristics of liquid adhesives produced from cocoa fruit skin waste?

A: The liquid adhesives produced from cocoa fruit skin waste have characteristics that are similar to those of commercial adhesives, including phenolic groups, brown or reddish-brown color, and low viscosity.

Q: How does the use of cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives affect the environment?

A: The use of cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives can help reduce waste and promote sustainability, which can have a positive impact on the environment.

Q: What are the potential applications of liquid adhesives produced from cocoa fruit skin waste?

A: The liquid adhesives produced from cocoa fruit skin waste have potential applications in various industries, including wood processing, construction, and packaging.

Q: What are the challenges associated with using cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives?

A: Some of the challenges associated with using cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives include the need for further research and development to optimize the processing and material composition, as well as the potential for variations in the quality of the raw material.

Q: How can the quality of liquid adhesives produced from cocoa fruit skin waste be improved?

A: The quality of liquid adhesives produced from cocoa fruit skin waste can be improved by optimizing the processing and material composition, as well as by using advanced technologies such as nanotechnology and biotechnology.

Q: What are the future directions for the use of cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives?

A: The future directions for the use of cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives include further research and development to optimize the processing and material composition, as well as the potential for large-scale commercialization.

Conclusion

The use of cocoa fruit skin waste as a raw material for liquid adhesives has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce waste and promote sustainability. However, there are still many questions and concerns about this technology. In this article, we have addressed some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) about utilizing cocoa fruit skin waste into quality liquid adhesives.