Preparation Stage of Raw Materials

Oct 13, 2025 by leolavanderia.com.br 97 views

Introduction

The production of phenol from oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) using a fast pyrolysis method has been gaining attention in recent years due to its potential to create a sustainable and profitable business opportunity. This article discusses the preparation of a phenol manufacturing factory from TKKS with a fast pyrolysis method, with a production capacity of 15,000 tons/year and operating for 330 days a year.

Preparation Stage of Raw Materials

The first stage of the factory description is the preparation of raw materials, where TKKS obtained from oil palm plantations will be cleaned and processed to remove dirt and moisture. This stage is crucial in ensuring the quality of the raw materials and the efficiency of the production process.

Raw Material Processing

The TKKS will be processed to remove dirt and moisture, which will be done through a series of steps including:

Cleaning: The TKKS will be cleaned to remove any dirt or debris that may be present.
Drying: The TKKS will be dried to remove any excess moisture.
Crushing: The TKKS will be crushed into smaller pieces to increase its surface area.

Raw Material Storage

The processed TKKS will be stored in a designated area within the factory, where it will be kept dry and protected from the elements.

Fast Pyrolysis Stage

The second stage of the factory description is the fast pyrolysis stage, where the processed TKKS will be heated in a reactor at high temperatures and in a short time to produce products in the form of bio-oil, gas, and charcoal. This stage is critical in producing the bio-oil, which will be further processed to produce phenol.

Fast Pyrolysis Process

The fast pyrolysis process involves heating the processed TKKS in a reactor at high temperatures (typically between 500-600°C) and in a short time (typically between 1-2 seconds). This process will produce a mixture of bio-oil, gas, and charcoal.

Bio-Oil Production

The bio-oil produced in the fast pyrolysis process will be further processed to produce phenol. This will involve a series of steps including:

Distillation: The bio-oil will be distilled to separate the different components.
Cracking: The bio-oil will be cracked to produce smaller molecules.
Reforming: The bio-oil will be reformed to produce phenol.

Product Separation and Purification Stage

The third and final stage of the factory description is the product separation and purification stage, where the phenol produced in the previous stage will be separated and purified.

Product Separation

The phenol produced in the previous stage will be separated from the other components through a series of steps including:

Distillation: The phenol will be distilled to separate it from the other components.
Crystallization: The phenol will be crystallized to produce a solid product.

Product Purification

The separated phenol will be purified through a series of steps including:

Filtration: The phenol will be filtered to remove any impurities.
Centrifugation: The phenol will be centrifuged to separate it from any remaining impurities.

Factory Operations

The factory will be operated by 180 workers, who will be managed under a line organization system and staff under the leadership of a director with a PT (Limited Liability Company) business structure.

Factory Location

The factory will be built on Tebing Tinggi, North Sumatra, with an area of 40,050 m2.

Factory Equipment

The factory will be equipped with a range of equipment including:

Reactors: The reactors will be used to heat the processed TKKS in the fast pyrolysis process.
Distillation columns: The distillation columns will be used to separate the different components of the bio-oil.
Cracking units: The cracking units will be used to crack the bio-oil to produce smaller molecules.
Reforming units: The reforming units will be used to reform the bio-oil to produce phenol.

Economic Analysis

The economic analysis of the factory description shows that it has excellent business potential. The following are some of the results of the analysis that support these conclusions:

Investment Capital

The investment capital required to build the factory is estimated to be Rp. 1,892,030,574,754,790.

Production Costs

The production costs of the factory are estimated to be Rp. 3,263,666,984,054,310.

Net Profit

The net profit of the factory is estimated to be Rp. 751,014,172,104,699.

Margin Profit

The margin profit of the factory is estimated to be 26.18%.

Break Point (BEP)

The break point (BEP) of the factory is estimated to be 47%.

Return on Investment (ROI)

The return on investment (ROI) of the factory is estimated to be 39.69%.

Returning Period (Pot)

The returning period (Pot) of the factory is estimated to be 2.52 years.

Return on Network (RON)

The return on network (RON) of the factory is estimated to be 66.16%.

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

The internal rate of return (IRR) of the factory is estimated to be 54%.

Additional Analysis

This project has several advantages that can increase the attractiveness of its investment:

Abundant Resources

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world, so that the availability of TKKS as raw material is very abundant.

TKKS Added Value

Utilization of TKKS to produce phenol can increase the added value of oil palm plantation waste, so as to reduce environmental impacts and improve regional economy.

High Demand

Phenol is an important raw material in various industries, ranging from the chemical industry, plastic, to pharmacy.

Challenge

Despite having great potential, this project also has several challenges to consider:

Fast Pyrolysis Technology

Fast pyrolysis technology is still being developed and further research needs to be carried out to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the production process.

High Investment

Investment capital needed to build this factory is classified as large, so it requires careful planning and fundraising.

Conclusion

The phenol manufacturing factory from TKKS with a fast pyrolysis method has a very promising business potential. However, further research and development of technology need to be carried out, as well as good business management to ensure the success of this project. This project can be a solution to overcome the problem of TKKS waste and open new opportunities for the chemical industry in Indonesia.

Introduction

The production of phenol from oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) using a fast pyrolysis method has been gaining attention in recent years due to its potential to create a sustainable and profitable business opportunity. However, there are still many questions and concerns about this project. In this article, we will address some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the parancangan factory making phenol from TKKS with a fast pyrolysis method.

Q: What is the purpose of the parancangan factory making phenol from TKKS with a fast pyrolysis method?

A: The purpose of the parancangan factory making phenol from TKKS with a fast pyrolysis method is to produce phenol from oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) using a fast pyrolysis method, which is a sustainable and profitable business opportunity.

Q: What are the benefits of using a fast pyrolysis method to produce phenol from TKKS?

A: The benefits of using a fast pyrolysis method to produce phenol from TKKS include:

High yield of phenol
Low energy consumption
Low capital investment
High profit margin

Q: What are the raw materials required for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method?

A: The raw materials required for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method are:

Oil palm empty bunches (TKKS)
Water
Energy (e.g. steam, electricity)

Q: What are the equipment and facilities required for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method?

A: The equipment and facilities required for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method include:

Reactors
Distillation columns
Cracking units
Reforming units
Storage tanks
Pumps
Valves
Control systems

Q: What are the operating conditions required for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method?

A: The operating conditions required for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method include:

Temperature: 500-600°C
Pressure: 1-10 bar
Residence time: 1-2 seconds
Feed rate: 1-10 kg/h

Q: What are the safety and environmental considerations for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method?

A: The safety and environmental considerations for the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method include:

Handling of hazardous materials (e.g. phenol, pyrolysis oil)
Prevention of fires and explosions
Prevention of environmental pollution (e.g. air, water, soil)
Compliance with regulations and standards

Q: What are the economic benefits of the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method?

A: The economic benefits of the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method include:

High profit margin
Low capital investment
High yield of phenol
Low energy consumption

Q: What are the challenges and limitations of the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method?

A: The challenges and limitations of the production of phenol from TKKS using a fast pyrolysis method include:

High investment costs
Complexity of the process
Limited availability of raw materials
Limited market demand

Conclusion

The production of phenol from oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) using a fast pyrolysis method has the potential to create a sustainable and profitable business opportunity. However, there are still many questions and concerns about this project. In this article, we have addressed some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the parancangan factory making phenol from TKKS with a fast pyrolysis method. We hope that this information will be helpful to those who are interested in this project.