Simple and easy to calculate

Oct 13, 2025 by leolavanderia.com.br 49 views

ACEF Score: A Simple Tool for Predicting the Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction of ST Segment Elevation

Introduction

Acute myocardial infarction of the ST (IMAEST) segment elevation is a serious condition that requires immediate treatment. The risk of major cardiovascular events (KKVM) in patients with IMAEST is a significant concern, and accurate risk stratification is crucial to determine the patient's treatment and prognosis strategy. While various clinical scores, such as Timi Risk and Grace, are available, their use can be complex and time-consuming. In this study, we evaluated the prediction value of the ACEF score (Age, Creatinine, ejection fraction) to predict KKVM events in patients with IMAEST.

Background

The ACEF score is a simple score that calculates risk based on age, creatinine levels, and ejection fractions. This score has been widely used in clinical practice to predict the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. However, its use in patients with IMAEST has not been extensively studied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prediction value of the ACEF score in patients with IMAEST.

Methods

This study involved 112 patients with IMAEST who were treated at Adam Malik Hospital Medan between January and December 2020. The ACEF score was calculated using the formula: Age / ejection fraction + 1 (if creatinine levels > 2 mg / dl). The patients were then monitored to assess KKVM events, such as death, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and malignant arrhythmia.

Results

The results showed that the ACEF score had a good prediction value for KKVM events. Of the 112 patients, 40 patients (35.7%) experienced KKVM, with acute heart failure as the most common KKVM event (19.6%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between ACEF and KKVM scores (p <0.001) with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.96 (95% CI 4.68-30.7). The area under the ACEF (AUC) curve was 0.850 (95% CI: 0.775-0.925) with 80% sensitivity and 78% specificity.

Discussion

The ACEF score is a simple and useful tool for risk stratification and predicts KKVM in patients with IMAEST. The use of ACEF scores can help doctors determine the right treatment strategy and increase patient treatment results. The advantages of ACEF scores include:

Simple and easy to calculate: ACEF score only requires basic information about patients, making it easy to calculate and apply in various settings.
Accurate in predicting KKVM: ACEF score has a good prediction value for KKVM in IMAEST patients, as evidenced in this study.
Assist in decision making: ACEF score can help doctors determine the right treatment strategy, such as the use of aggressive therapy or strict observation, to reduce the risk of KKVM.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the ACEF score is a simple and useful tool for risk stratification and predicts KKVM in patients with IMAEST. The use of ACEF scores can help doctors determine the right treatment strategy and increase patient treatment results. However, further research is needed to validate the use of ACEF scores in a wider patient population and in various settings. Increasing awareness regarding the use of ACEF scores among doctors and medical personnel is also very important to increase the risk stratification and treatment of IMAEST patients.

Limitations

This study had some limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a single hospital setting. Further research is needed to validate the use of ACEF scores in a wider patient population and in various settings.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to validate the use of ACEF scores in a wider patient population and in various settings. Additionally, increasing awareness regarding the use of ACEF scores among doctors and medical personnel is very important to increase the risk stratification and treatment of IMAEST patients.

Important to Remember

ACEF score is just one tool for risk stratification. The use of this score must be integrated with clinical assessments and other relevant factors.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, we recommend the use of ACEF scores in clinical practice to predict the risk of KKVM events in patients with IMAEST. However, further research is needed to validate the use of ACEF scores in a wider patient population and in various settings.

Implications

The use of ACEF scores can help doctors determine the right treatment strategy and increase patient treatment results. The ACEF score is a simple and useful tool for risk stratification and predicts KKVM in patients with IMAEST.

References

[List of references cited in the study]

Appendix

[Appendix materials, such as tables and figures, not included in the main text]

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the support of the Adam Malik Hospital Medan and the patients who participated in this study. We also acknowledge the contributions of the research team and the reviewers who provided feedback on this manuscript.
ACEF Score: A Simple Tool for Predicting the Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction of ST Segment Elevation: Q&A

Introduction

In our previous article, we discussed the ACEF score (Age, Creatinine, ejection fraction) as a simple tool for predicting the risk of major cardiovascular events (KKVM) in patients with acute myocardial infarction of ST segment elevation (IMAEST). In this Q&A article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about the ACEF score and its use in clinical practice.

Q: What is the ACEF score and how is it calculated?

A: The ACEF score is a simple score that calculates risk based on age, creatinine levels, and ejection fractions. It is calculated using the formula: Age / ejection fraction + 1 (if creatinine levels > 2 mg / dl).

Q: What are the advantages of using the ACEF score?

A: The ACEF score has several advantages, including:

Simple and easy to calculate: ACEF score only requires basic information about patients, making it easy to calculate and apply in various settings.
Accurate in predicting KKVM: ACEF score has a good prediction value for KKVM in IMAEST patients, as evidenced in our study.
Assist in decision making: ACEF score can help doctors determine the right treatment strategy, such as the use of aggressive therapy or strict observation, to reduce the risk of KKVM.

Q: Who can use the ACEF score?

A: The ACEF score can be used by healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel, who are involved in the care of patients with IMAEST.

Q: What are the limitations of the ACEF score?

A: The ACEF score has some limitations, including:

Small sample size: Our study had a relatively small sample size, and further research is needed to validate the use of ACEF scores in a wider patient population.
Single hospital setting: Our study was conducted in a single hospital setting, and further research is needed to validate the use of ACEF scores in various settings.

Q: How can the ACEF score be used in clinical practice?

A: The ACEF score can be used in clinical practice to predict the risk of KKVM events in patients with IMAEST. It can also be used to assist in decision making, such as determining the right treatment strategy, and to increase patient treatment results.

Q: What are the implications of using the ACEF score?

A: The use of the ACEF score can help doctors determine the right treatment strategy and increase patient treatment results. It can also help to reduce the risk of KKVM events in patients with IMAEST.

Q: What are the future directions for the ACEF score?

A: Further research is needed to validate the use of ACEF scores in a wider patient population and in various settings. Increasing awareness regarding the use of ACEF scores among doctors and medical personnel is also very important to increase the risk stratification and treatment of IMAEST patients.

Q: Can the ACEF score be used in combination with other risk stratification tools?

A: Yes, the ACEF score can be used in combination with other risk stratification tools, such as the TIMI risk score and the GRACE risk score, to predict the risk of KKVM events in patients with IMAEST.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using the ACEF score?

A: The potential benefits of using the ACEF score include:

Improved risk stratification: The ACEF score can help to improve risk stratification in patients with IMAEST.
Better treatment outcomes: The ACEF score can help to improve treatment outcomes in patients with IMAEST.
Reduced risk of KKVM events: The ACEF score can help to reduce the risk of KKVM events in patients with IMAEST.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the ACEF score is a simple and useful tool for predicting the risk of major cardiovascular events (KKVM) in patients with acute myocardial infarction of ST segment elevation (IMAEST). It has several advantages, including simplicity, accuracy, and assist in decision making. Further research is needed to validate the use of ACEF scores in a wider patient population and in various settings.