The Effect of Physical Exercise on Malondialdehyde Levels and Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene in Animal Aging Models Induced by D-Galactose
Introduction
Aging is a natural process that is often accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress in the body. This is caused by the reduced ability of the body to fight free radicals, which can damage cells and tissues. One indicator of oxidative stress is Malondialdehyde (MDA), which is produced from lipid peroxidation. Research shows that the decrease in the expression of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) gene in the aging process contributes to decreased angiogenesis, especially in the brain, which in turn has the potential to cause cognitive decline. Regular physical exercise has been proven to have a positive effect in fighting the aging process with an antioxidant mechanism and is able to induce the expression of VEGF gene .
The Importance of Physical Exercise in Reducing Oxidative Stress
Regular physical exercise has been shown to have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress in the body. This is achieved through the antioxidant mechanism, which helps to fight free radicals and reduce the production of MDA. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of physical exercise in reducing oxidative stress and increasing the expression of VEGF genes in the mice model that is aging due to D-Galactose induction. The results of this study show that physical exercise significantly reduces oxidative stress shown by a decrease in MDA levels .
The Effect of Physical Exercise on VEGF Gene Expression
In addition to reducing oxidative stress, physical exercise has also been shown to have a complex effect on the expression of VEGF gene. In this study, we measured the expression of VEGF genes in the hippocampus using the Real Time PCR method. The results show that physical exercise has a downregulation effect on VEGF gene expressions, only reaching 20% compared to groups that only receive D-Galactose . This suggests that physical exercise may have a complex effect on VEGF gene expression, and further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism behind this downregulation.
The Potential of Physical Exercise in Improving Health and Cognition
The results of this study show the great potential of physical activity in improving health and cognition in line with the aging process. Physical exercise has been shown to reduce oxidative stress levels and has a complex effect on VEGF gene expression . This suggests that physical exercise may be a useful tool in preventing or slowing down the aging process. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress and VEGF gene expression.
Materials and Methods
Fifteen Swiss Webster mice were divided into three groups, with five mice in each group. The first group was given 0.9% NaCl as a control group, the second group was induced by D-Galactose with a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight, and the third group was induced by D-Galactose with free access to running equipment as a physical training group. After six weeks of treatment, serum MDA levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method. The expression of VEGF genes in the hippocampus was measured using the Real Time PCR method.
Results
The results of this study show that the MDA level between the control group and the D-Galactose induced group is not significantly different (13.4 nmol/ml and 12.2 nmol/ml, respectively). However, in groups that do physical exercise, serum MDA levels have decreased significantly to 6.9 nmol/ml (p <0.05). This shows that physical exercise succeeded in reducing the level of oxidative stress. In addition, the expression of VEGF genes in the hippocampus was measured using the Real Time PCR method. In the D-Galactose injection group, a VEGF gene expression upregulation, which was recorded at 173% compared to the control group. However, in groups that carry out physical exercise, there is a downregulation of VEGF gene expressions, only reaching 20% compared to groups that only receive D-Galactose.
Discussion
The results of this study show that physical exercise has a significant effect on reducing oxidative stress and has a complex effect on VEGF gene expression. While physical exercise can reduce oxidative stress levels, its impact on VEGF expression needs to be further investigated to understand the mechanism behind the downregulation. This study shows the great potential of physical activity in improving health and cognition in line with the aging process, as well as opening opportunities for further research in the field of geriatric health.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study shows that physical exercise has a significant effect on reducing oxidative stress and has a complex effect on VEGF gene expression. While physical exercise can reduce oxidative stress levels, its impact on VEGF expression needs to be further investigated to understand the mechanism behind the downregulation. This study shows the great potential of physical activity in improving health and cognition in line with the aging process, as well as opening opportunities for further research in the field of geriatric health.
Recommendations
Based on the results of this study, we recommend that further research be conducted to fully understand the mechanisms behind the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress and VEGF gene expression. Additionally, we recommend that physical exercise be incorporated into the daily routine of individuals, especially those who are aging, to reduce oxidative stress levels and improve health and cognition.
Limitations
This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size was small, and further research is needed to confirm the results of this study. Secondly, the study only measured the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress and VEGF gene expression, and further research is needed to investigate the effects of physical exercise on other biomarkers of aging. Finally, the study only used a mouse model, and further research is needed to confirm the results of this study in humans.
Future Directions
Based on the results of this study, we recommend that further research be conducted to fully understand the mechanisms behind the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress and VEGF gene expression. Additionally, we recommend that physical exercise be incorporated into the daily routine of individuals, especially those who are aging, to reduce oxidative stress levels and improve health and cognition. Future research should also investigate the effects of physical exercise on other biomarkers of aging, such as telomere length and epigenetic changes.Q&A: The Effect of Physical Exercise on Malondialdehyde Levels and Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene in Animal Aging Models Induced by D-Galactose
Q: What is the main focus of this study?
A: The main focus of this study is to explore the effect of physical exercise on reducing oxidative stress and increasing the expression of VEGF genes in the mice model that is aging due to D-Galactose induction.
Q: What is D-Galactose and how does it induce aging?
A: D-Galactose is a sugar molecule that is commonly used in scientific research to induce aging in animal models. When administered to mice, D-Galactose can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and other age-related changes, making it a useful tool for studying the effects of aging.
Q: What is Malondialdehyde (MDA) and why is it an important biomarker of oxidative stress?
A: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a lipid peroxidation product that is produced when free radicals damage cell membranes. It is an important biomarker of oxidative stress because high levels of MDA have been linked to various age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and atherosclerosis.
Q: What is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and why is it important in the context of aging?
A: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a protein that plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels. In the context of aging, VEGF is important because it has been shown to be downregulated in older individuals, leading to decreased angiogenesis and increased oxidative stress.
Q: What were the results of this study in terms of MDA levels?
A: The results of this study showed that physical exercise significantly reduced MDA levels in the mice that were induced to age with D-Galactose. Specifically, the MDA levels in the exercise group were significantly lower than those in the control group and the D-Galactose-induced group.
Q: What were the results of this study in terms of VEGF gene expression?
A: The results of this study showed that physical exercise had a complex effect on VEGF gene expression. While the exercise group showed a downregulation of VEGF gene expression compared to the control group, it was still higher than the D-Galactose-induced group.
Q: What are the implications of this study for human health?
A: The implications of this study are significant, as they suggest that physical exercise may be a useful tool for reducing oxidative stress and improving health in older individuals. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the mechanisms behind the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress and VEGF gene expression.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: The limitations of this study include the small sample size and the use of a mouse model. Further research is needed to confirm the results of this study in humans and to explore the effects of physical exercise on other biomarkers of aging.
Q: What are the future directions for research in this area?
A: The future directions for research in this area include further investigation of the mechanisms behind the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress and VEGF gene expression, as well as exploration of the effects of physical exercise on other biomarkers of aging. Additionally, research should be conducted to confirm the results of this study in humans and to explore the potential benefits of physical exercise for reducing oxidative stress and improving health in older individuals.