proof and inclusive health programs

Oct 13, 2025 by leolavanderia.com.br 132 views

Understanding the Prevalence of HIV

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks white blood cells, especially CD4 cells, causing a decrease in the immune system. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global prevalence of HIV in 2019 was recorded at 0.49 percent. This alarming rate is accompanied by an incident rate (IR) of 19.17 per 100,000 population and a death rate due to the disease (CFR) of 1.69 percent in 2021. In Indonesia, the prevalence of HIV reached 0.19 percent with an IR of 13.4 per 100,000 population in 2021. Furthermore, in Medan, the number of HIV cases in 2021 was recorded with an IR of 12 per 100,000 population. This study aims to identify factors related to HIV events in the age group 17 to 65 years at Dr. Pirngadi Medan in 2023.

Research Methodology

This study uses quantitative analytic research methods with a cross-sectional design. The sample used in this study amounted to 115 people, with a sampling technique carried out using purposive sampling. Univariate data are analyzed descriptively, while bivariary data are analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the proportion of HIV positive prevalence reached 60%. Based on statistical tests, variables with a p-value <0.05 are declared related to HIV events, while variables with a p-value > 0.05 are declared unrelated.

Factors Related to HIV Events

From this analysis, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between sex, work, sexual behavior, and protection efforts from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with HIV events in Dr. Pirngadi Medan City in 2023. Sex plays a crucial role in the transmission of HIV, with men being more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior due to social norms. Work also indicates that there is a possibility of differences in access to health services and information about HIV. Unsafe sexual behavior, such as sexual intercourse without safety, is also a key factor that increases the risk of HIV infection. Protection efforts, such as condom use and regular health checks, are important steps that must be taken to reduce the spread of this virus.

Additional Analysis and Explanation

It is essential to understand that HIV is not only an individual health problem, but is also a broader social issue. Factors such as gender and work indicate that there is a possibility of differences in access to health services and information about HIV. For example, men tend to have a high risk of exposure to HIV than women because of social norms that allow risky sexual behavior. Unsafe sexual behavior, such as sexual intercourse without safety, is also a key factor that increases the risk of HIV infection. Protection efforts, such as condom use and regular health checks, are important steps that must be taken to reduce the spread of this virus.

Recommendations for the Community

Recommendations for the community are to avoid deviant and unsafe sexual practices in order to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. By increasing awareness and knowledge, it is expected to reduce the incidence of HIV in Indonesia, especially in the city of Medan. The implementation of proof and inclusive health programs will be very important to achieve this goal. Better education about HIV, including understanding of how this virus is transmitted and ways to protect themselves, is needed. In addition, vulnerable groups, such as homosexuals, must be considered more in health programs to avoid risky sexual practices.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the factors related to HIV events in the age group 17-65 years at Dr. Pirngadi Medan City in 2023. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the relationship between sex, work, sexual behavior, and protection efforts from STIs with HIV events. By increasing awareness and knowledge, it is expected to reduce the incidence of HIV in Indonesia, especially in the city of Medan. The implementation of proof and inclusive health programs will be very important to achieve this goal.

Limitations of the Study

This study has some limitations. The sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the results. The study only focuses on the age group 17-65 years, which may not be representative of the entire population. The study does not control for other potential confounding variables, which may affect the results.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include conducting a larger-scale study to increase the generalizability of the results. The study should also focus on other age groups to understand the prevalence of HIV in different populations. The study should also control for other potential confounding variables to ensure the accuracy of the results.

References

World Health Organization. (2019). Global HIV/AIDS Response: Epidemic Update and Health Sector Progress towards Universal Access.
Ministry of Health Indonesia. (2021). National HIV/AIDS Response: Progress Report 2021.
City Health Office Medan. (2021). HIV/AIDS Situation in Medan City: Report 2021.

Q: What is HIV and how is it transmitted?

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks white blood cells, especially CD4 cells, causing a decrease in the immune system. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. It can be spread through unprotected sex, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Q: What are the risk factors for HIV infection?

A: The risk factors for HIV infection include having multiple sex partners, having a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), being a man who has sex with men, and having a history of injection drug use. Additionally, people who have a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to HIV infection.

Q: What are the symptoms of HIV infection?

A: The symptoms of HIV infection can vary from person to person and may not appear until several years after infection. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and swollen lymph nodes. In the later stages of HIV infection, symptoms can include opportunistic infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and cancer.

Q: How can HIV be prevented?

A: HIV can be prevented through the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which can reduce the viral load and prevent the transmission of HIV. Condoms and other barrier methods can also reduce the risk of HIV transmission during sex. Avoiding sharing needles or syringes and getting tested for HIV regularly can also help prevent the spread of HIV.

Q: What is the current situation of HIV in Indonesia?

A: According to the Ministry of Health Indonesia, the prevalence of HIV in Indonesia is 0.19% with an incident rate (IR) of 13.4 per 100,000 population in 2021. In Medan, the number of HIV cases in 2021 was recorded with an IR of 12 per 100,000 population.

Q: What are the recommendations for the community to prevent HIV?

A: Recommendations for the community include avoiding deviant and unsafe sexual practices, increasing awareness and knowledge about HIV, and implementing proof and inclusive health programs. Better education about HIV, including understanding of how this virus is transmitted and ways to protect themselves, is needed. In addition, vulnerable groups, such as homosexuals, must be considered more in health programs to avoid risky sexual practices.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has some limitations, including a relatively small sample size, which may limit the generalizability of the results. The study only focuses on the age group 17-65 years, which may not be representative of the entire population. The study does not control for other potential confounding variables, which may affect the results.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research directions include conducting a larger-scale study to increase the generalizability of the results. The study should also focus on other age groups to understand the prevalence of HIV in different populations. The study should also control for other potential confounding variables to ensure the accuracy of the results.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: This study highlights the importance of understanding the factors related to HIV events in the age group 17-65 years at Dr. Pirngadi Medan City in 2023. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the relationship between sex, work, sexual behavior, and protection efforts from STIs with HIV events. By increasing awareness and knowledge, it is expected to reduce the incidence of HIV in Indonesia, especially in the city of Medan.