Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from Rice Plants

Oct 13, 2025 by leolavanderia.com.br 9 views

Phytochemical Screening and Testing of Antifungal Activity Methanol Extract Leaf Sikkam (Bischofia Javanica Blume) on Fungi Isolated from Rice Plants

Introduction

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly solutions in agriculture has led to a growing interest in the use of natural products as alternatives to chemical fungicides. One such natural product is the Sikkam leaf (Bischofia javanica Blume), which has been traditionally used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of the methanol extract of Sikkam leaf on fungi isolated from rice plants.

Background

Rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world, and it is often affected by various diseases caused by fungi. The use of chemical fungicides has been a common practice to control these diseases, but it has several drawbacks, including environmental pollution and the development of resistant fungal strains. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative and environmentally friendly solutions to control fungal diseases in rice plants.

Research Methods

The phytochemical screening of the Sikkam leaf methanol extract was carried out using a maceration method with methanol solvents. The extract was then analyzed for the presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The antifungal activity testing was carried out in vitro using the diffusion method with paper discs.

Phytochemical Screening

The phytochemical screening of the Sikkam leaf methanol extract revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. These compounds are known to have potential antifungal activity and are often found in plants with medicinal properties.

Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from Rice Plants

The pathogenic fungi isolated from rice plants in this study were Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Both types of fungi are often a cause of serious diseases that can damage agricultural products.

The Results of the Antifungal Activity Test

The results of the antifungal activity test from the Sikkam leaf methanol extract showed a significant difference in inhibition in each variation of concentration. The test was carried out at a concentration of 5%, 25%, 45%, 65%, and 85%(B/V). For Fusarium oxysporum, the measured inhibitory power was 0 mm; 0.81 mm; 1.28 mm; 1.83 mm; and 2.20 mm. As for Rhizoctonia Solani, the results obtained were 0 mm; 0.60 mm; 1.09 mm; 1.86 mm; and 2.47 mm.

Analysis and Conclusion

From the results obtained, it appears that the methanol extract of Sikkam leaf has the potential as an antifungal agent, even though the inhibition shown is classified as weak. This shows that although the active compounds in the extract can contribute to mushroom control, its effectiveness still needs to be improved.

Benefits of Research

The results of this study can contribute to farmers and researchers in an effort to find solutions to control mushroom diseases in rice plants using natural ingredients. In addition, further exploration of the potential of active compounds contained in Sikkam leaves can also open the way for the development of more effective and safe antifungal products.

Future Directions

Further research is needed to improve the effectiveness of the Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent. This can be achieved by optimizing the extraction method, testing the extract on different types of fungi, and exploring the potential of combining the extract with other natural products.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides important information about the potential for the use of local plants in the development of natural antifungal agents. The results of this study can contribute to the development of more effective and safe antifungal products, which can function as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. With the increasing need for environmentally friendly solutions in agriculture, further development of the use of Sikkam leaf extract can be a significant step in the strategy of controlling rice diseases.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Further research is needed to improve the effectiveness of the Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent.
The extraction method should be optimized to increase the yield of bioactive compounds.
The extract should be tested on different types of fungi to explore its potential as an antifungal agent.
The potential of combining the extract with other natural products should be explored to develop more effective and safe antifungal products.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

The study was carried out in vitro, and further research is needed to confirm the results in vivo.
The study only tested the antifungal activity of the Sikkam leaf extract on two types of fungi, and further research is needed to explore its potential on other types of fungi.
The study did not explore the potential of combining the extract with other natural products.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on improving the effectiveness of the Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent. This can be achieved by optimizing the extraction method, testing the extract on different types of fungi, and exploring the potential of combining the extract with other natural products.
Q&A: Phytochemical Screening and Testing of Antifungal Activity Methanol Extract Leaf Sikkam (Bischofia Javanica Blume) on Fungi Isolated from Rice Plants

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of the methanol extract of Sikkam leaf on fungi isolated from rice plants.

Q: What are the benefits of using natural products as antifungal agents?

A: Natural products have several benefits as antifungal agents, including being environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and non-resistance. They can also be more effective and safer than chemical fungicides.

Q: What are the bioactive compounds found in the Sikkam leaf methanol extract?

A: The phytochemical screening of the Sikkam leaf methanol extract revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins.

Q: What are the pathogenic fungi isolated from rice plants in this study?

A: The pathogenic fungi isolated from rice plants in this study were Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Both types of fungi are often a cause of serious diseases that can damage agricultural products.

Q: What are the results of the antifungal activity test?

A: The results of the antifungal activity test from the Sikkam leaf methanol extract showed a significant difference in inhibition in each variation of concentration. The test was carried out at a concentration of 5%, 25%, 45%, 65%, and 85%(B/V). For Fusarium oxysporum, the measured inhibitory power was 0 mm; 0.81 mm; 1.28 mm; 1.83 mm; and 2.20 mm. As for Rhizoctonia Solani, the results obtained were 0 mm; 0.60 mm; 1.09 mm; 1.86 mm; and 2.47 mm.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The results of this study provide important information about the potential for the use of local plants in the development of natural antifungal agents. The study can contribute to the development of more effective and safe antifungal products, which can function as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicides.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including:

The study was carried out in vitro, and further research is needed to confirm the results in vivo.
The study only tested the antifungal activity of the Sikkam leaf extract on two types of fungi, and further research is needed to explore its potential on other types of fungi.
The study did not explore the potential of combining the extract with other natural products.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should focus on improving the effectiveness of the Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent. This can be achieved by optimizing the extraction method, testing the extract on different types of fungi, and exploring the potential of combining the extract with other natural products.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The results of this study can contribute to the development of more effective and safe antifungal products, which can function as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. This can have significant implications for the agricultural industry, particularly in the control of fungal diseases in rice plants.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent?

A: The potential benefits of using Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent include:

Being environmentally friendly and non-toxic
Being non-resistant and more effective than chemical fungicides
Being safer and more sustainable than chemical fungicides
Having potential applications in the control of fungal diseases in rice plants and other crops

Q: What are the potential challenges of using Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent?

A: The potential challenges of using Sikkam leaf extract as an antifungal agent include:

Optimizing the extraction method to increase the yield of bioactive compounds
Testing the extract on different types of fungi to explore its potential as an antifungal agent
Exploring the potential of combining the extract with other natural products
Overcoming the limitations of the study, including the in vitro testing and the limited number of fungi tested.