Evaluation of Nanoemulgel Preparations

Oct 13, 2025 by leolavanderia.com.br 66 views

Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoemulgel Piroxikam Preparations using Variations of Tween 80 Surfactant Concentration and PEG Cosurfactant 400

Introduction

The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized various fields, including medicine, due to its unique characteristics. One of the innovations in this technology is Nanoemulgel, which offers several benefits, including increased drug penetration into the skin, ease of spread, longer shelf life, and increased solubility for hydrophobic drugs such as pyroxicam. Pyroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (AINS), can cause gastrointestinal irritation when given orally. Therefore, the delivery of pyroxikam through the skin is an attractive choice to avoid these side effects.

Background

Pyroxicam is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (AINS) for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and fever. However, its oral administration can cause gastrointestinal irritation, leading to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. To overcome these limitations, various drug delivery systems have been developed, including transdermal patches, creams, and gels. Among these, Nanoemulgel has emerged as a promising delivery system due to its unique characteristics.

Research Objectives

The primary objective of this study is to formulate Nanoemulgel Piroxikam preparations with variations in the concentration of Tween 80 surfactant and PEG 400 cosurfactant. The secondary objective is to evaluate the physical quality of the preparations, including their stability, homogeneity, emulsion type, particle size, and rheological properties.

Methodology

The formulation of Nanoemulgel Piroxikam was carried out in three main steps. The first step involved the manufacture of nanoemulsion using variations in the concentration of Tween 80 surfactant and 400 PEGS Cosurfactant in a ratio of 37:23, 38:22, and 39:21 with spontaneous emulsification methods. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours using a magnetic stirrer. The second step was to create a gel base from carbomer 940. In the last step, the gel base was mixed into the pyroxicam nanoemulsion with the help of a magnetic stirrer and stirred for 6 hours.

Evaluation of Nanoemulgel Preparations

The evaluation of Nanoemulgel preparations included a stability test for 12 weeks, including organoleptic evaluation, pH, and viscosity. The preparations were also evaluated for their homogeneity, emulsion type, particle size before and after storage for 6 and 12 weeks, centrifugation test, type weight, surface tension, spread power, and rheological studies.

Results

The results of the study showed that all Nanoemulgel Piroxikam formulations exhibited consistent characteristics, with yellow and good transparency. The evaluation results showed that the preparations were homogeneous and included in the type of oil emulsion in water (O/W). The density of the preparations ranged from 1,0695 - 1,0702 g/ml, while the measured surface tension was between 39,223 - 44,375 dyne/cm. The spread of preparations was in the range of 3.0 - 3.9 cm, and the preparation was not separate after the centrifugation test.

Discussion

The results of the study showed that the particle size, pH, and viscosity of Nanoemulgel Piroxikam initially ranged from 285.86 - 357.00 Nm, 6.17 - 6.27, and 9000 - 14335 cps, respectively. After 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, particle size and pH showed changes to 808.41 - 965.66 Nm and 5.60 - 5.77, with viscosity ranging from 10915 - 16335 cps. The entire preparation remained stable during storage with particle size below 1000 nm. The formulation with Tween 80 surfactant ratio and Peg 400 cosurfactant of 39:21 gave the smallest particle size.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the pyroxicam was successfully formulated into a nanoemulgel preparation with a variation of Tween 80 surfactant concentration and 400 PEG cosurfactant. The most stable formulation was found in the ratio of Tween 80 and PEG 400 of 39:21, with the initial particle size of 285.86 nm and 808.41 nm after storage for 12 weeks at room temperature. This innovation can provide a safer and more effective alternative delivery of pyroxikam.

Future Directions

The results of this study provide a promising platform for the development of nanoemulgel-based drug delivery systems. Future studies can focus on optimizing the formulation parameters to achieve better stability and efficacy. Additionally, the use of other surfactants and cosurfactants can be explored to further improve the properties of the nanoemulgel preparations.

Limitations

The study has some limitations, including the use of a limited number of surfactant and cosurfactant ratios. Future studies can explore a wider range of ratios to achieve better stability and efficacy. Additionally, the study did not evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the nanoemulgel preparations, which is an important aspect of drug delivery systems.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study demonstrated the successful formulation of nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations using variations in the concentration of Tween 80 surfactant and PEG 400 cosurfactant. The most stable formulation was found in the ratio of Tween 80 and PEG 400 of 39:21, with the initial particle size of 285.86 nm and 808.41 nm after storage for 12 weeks at room temperature. This innovation can provide a safer and more effective alternative delivery of pyroxikam.
Q&A: Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoemulgel Piroxikam Preparations using Variations of Tween 80 Surfactant Concentration and PEG Cosurfactant 400

Introduction

In our previous article, we discussed the formulation and evaluation of nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations using variations in the concentration of Tween 80 surfactant and PEG 400 cosurfactant. In this article, we will answer some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to this topic.

Q: What is nanoemulgel and how does it work?

A: Nanoemulgel is a type of drug delivery system that uses a combination of surfactants and cosurfactants to create a stable emulsion of a hydrophobic drug, such as pyroxicam, in an aqueous solution. The nanoemulgel formulation allows for the controlled release of the drug, which can improve its efficacy and reduce side effects.

Q: What are the benefits of using nanoemulgel for drug delivery?

A: The benefits of using nanoemulgel for drug delivery include improved bioavailability, reduced side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. Nanoemulgel can also provide a more targeted delivery of the drug, which can reduce the risk of systemic side effects.

Q: What are the limitations of using nanoemulgel for drug delivery?

A: The limitations of using nanoemulgel for drug delivery include the potential for instability, which can affect the shelf life and efficacy of the formulation. Additionally, the use of surfactants and cosurfactants can affect the skin's natural barrier function, which can lead to irritation or other adverse effects.

Q: How do you formulate nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations?

A: The formulation of nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations involves the use of a combination of surfactants and cosurfactants, such as Tween 80 and PEG 400, to create a stable emulsion of the drug. The formulation process typically involves the use of a magnetic stirrer to mix the ingredients and create a uniform emulsion.

Q: How do you evaluate the stability of nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations?

A: The stability of nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations can be evaluated using various methods, including organoleptic evaluation, pH, and viscosity measurements. The preparations can also be evaluated for their homogeneity, emulsion type, particle size, and rheological properties.

Q: What are the advantages of using Tween 80 and PEG 400 in nanoemulgel formulations?

A: The advantages of using Tween 80 and PEG 400 in nanoemulgel formulations include their ability to create a stable emulsion, improve the solubility of the drug, and enhance the skin's natural barrier function. Additionally, Tween 80 and PEG 400 are non-toxic and biocompatible, which makes them suitable for use in pharmaceutical formulations.

Q: Can nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations be used for other applications?

A: Yes, nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations can be used for other applications, such as wound healing, skin care, and cosmetic formulations. The versatility of nanoemulgel formulations makes them suitable for a wide range of applications.

Q: What are the future directions for nanoemulgel research?

A: The future directions for nanoemulgel research include the development of new surfactants and cosurfactants, the optimization of formulation parameters, and the evaluation of in vivo efficacy. Additionally, the use of nanoemulgel formulations in combination with other drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, can provide a more targeted and effective delivery of the drug.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the formulation and evaluation of nanoemulgel piroxikam preparations using variations in the concentration of Tween 80 surfactant and PEG 400 cosurfactant provide a promising platform for the development of nanoemulgel-based drug delivery systems. The Q&A section provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits, limitations, and future directions of nanoemulgel research.