Demographic Characteristics of Heart Failure Patients

Oct 13, 2025 by leolavanderia.com.br 96 views

Introduction

Heart failure is a serious and increasing global health concern, particularly among adult populations. In an effort to diagnose and evaluate heart failure, various reliable methods are employed, one of which is echocardiography. This non-invasive imaging technique is highly useful in assessing various clinical parameters, such as ejection fractions (EF), volume, and function of walls and heart space. This article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the results of echocardiographic examination in heart failure patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during 2021.

Methodology

This study employed a descriptive retrospective design with a latitude cut approach. The data obtained from the echocardiographic examination of heart failure patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2021 were analyzed to provide valuable insights into the condition of the patients. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding of heart failure and inform clinical management strategies.

Demographic Characteristics of Heart Failure Patients

The majority of patients who experience heart failure come from productive age groups. In this study, as many as 73.62% of patients were male, indicating a higher prevalence of heart failure among males. The main cause found in this study is ischemic disease, which highlights the importance of attention to heart risk factors related to lifestyle and heart health among the population.

Echocardiographic Examination Results

From the results of echocardiographic examination, it was found that:

49.08% of the sample experienced eccentric hypertrophy: This indicates that a significant proportion of patients have an enlarged left ventricle, which can lead to decreased cardiac function.
46.63% experienced concentric hypertrophy: This suggests that a substantial number of patients have a thickened left ventricular wall, which can also lead to decreased cardiac function.
1.84% had concentric remodellation: This indicates that a small proportion of patients have a remodeled left ventricle, which can be a sign of cardiac dysfunction.
2.45% had normal left left ventricular geometry: This suggests that a small proportion of patients have a normal left ventricular structure and function.

The average patient's left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is 44.70%, with HFPEF (Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction) as the most dominant form. This shows that although some patients experienced a decrease in the function of the heart pump, many of them still have a maintained ejection fraction.

Diastolic Dysfunction

In addition, 77.30% of patients show tapse (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systemic Excursion). Of the 121 available data regarding the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, it was found that:

46.63% of patients experience grade I diastolic dysfunction: This indicates that a significant proportion of patients have a mild form of diastolic dysfunction.
14.72% experienced grade III diastolic dysfunction: This suggests that a substantial number of patients have a severe form of diastolic dysfunction.
12.88% are in Grade II: This indicates that a small proportion of patients have a moderate form of diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusion

Overall, the results of echocardiographic examination in heart failure patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2021 show that most patients come from productive age groups with the main etiology of ischemic. Increased eccentric hypertrophy and HFPEF prevalence provides important insights about the heart condition in this population. Data regarding diastolic dysfunction also provides valuable information for doctors in planning better clinical management. With this understanding, it is expected that efforts to prevent and treatment of heart failure in the community can be improved, so as to reduce the incidence of this disease in the future.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Early detection and treatment of heart failure: Early detection and treatment of heart failure can improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.
Lifestyle modifications: Lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, healthy diet, and stress management, can help prevent and manage heart failure.
Regular echocardiographic examination: Regular echocardiographic examination can help detect cardiac dysfunction early and monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
Multidisciplinary approach: A multidisciplinary approach, involving cardiologists, primary care physicians, and other healthcare professionals, can provide comprehensive care for heart failure patients.

Q: What is echocardiography and how is it used in diagnosing heart failure?

A: Echocardiography is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of the heart and its structures. It is used to diagnose and evaluate heart failure by assessing various clinical parameters, such as ejection fractions (EF), volume, and function of walls and heart space.

Q: What are the demographic characteristics of heart failure patients in this study?

A: The majority of patients who experience heart failure come from productive age groups. In this study, as many as 73.62% of patients were male, indicating a higher prevalence of heart failure among males. The main cause found in this study is ischemic disease, which highlights the importance of attention to heart risk factors related to lifestyle and heart health among the population.

Q: What are the echocardiographic examination results of heart failure patients in this study?

A: From the results of echocardiographic examination, it was found that:

49.08% of the sample experienced eccentric hypertrophy: This indicates that a significant proportion of patients have an enlarged left ventricle, which can lead to decreased cardiac function.
46.63% experienced concentric hypertrophy: This suggests that a substantial number of patients have a thickened left ventricular wall, which can also lead to decreased cardiac function.
1.84% had concentric remodellation: This indicates that a small proportion of patients have a remodeled left ventricle, which can be a sign of cardiac dysfunction.
2.45% had normal left left ventricular geometry: This suggests that a small proportion of patients have a normal left ventricular structure and function.

Q: What is the average patient's left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in this study?

A: The average patient's left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is 44.70%, with HFPEF (Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction) as the most dominant form. This shows that although some patients experienced a decrease in the function of the heart pump, many of them still have a maintained ejection fraction.

Q: What is the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure patients in this study?

A: Of the 121 available data regarding the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, it was found that:

46.63% of patients experience grade I diastolic dysfunction: This indicates that a significant proportion of patients have a mild form of diastolic dysfunction.
14.72% experienced grade III diastolic dysfunction: This suggests that a substantial number of patients have a severe form of diastolic dysfunction.
12.88% are in Grade II: This indicates that a small proportion of patients have a moderate form of diastolic dysfunction.

Q: What are the implications of the findings of this study for clinical management of heart failure?

A: The findings of this study provide valuable information for doctors in planning better clinical management of heart failure. The increased prevalence of eccentric hypertrophy and HFPEF, as well as the data regarding diastolic dysfunction, can inform treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Q: What are the recommendations for healthcare providers based on the findings of this study?

A: Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Early detection and treatment of heart failure: Early detection and treatment of heart failure can improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.
Lifestyle modifications: Lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, healthy diet, and stress management, can help prevent and manage heart failure.
Regular echocardiographic examination: Regular echocardiographic examination can help detect cardiac dysfunction early and monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
Multidisciplinary approach: A multidisciplinary approach, involving cardiologists, primary care physicians, and other healthcare professionals, can provide comprehensive care for heart failure patients.

By implementing these recommendations, healthcare providers can improve the management of heart failure and reduce the incidence of this disease in the community.